Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of metal–activated bentonite in the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives

کد مقاله : 1012-ICOC

نویسندگان

ثریا سعادتی، علی رمضانی، رامتین مرادی چافجیری * دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده مقاله

In this study, bentonite was activated and subsequently functionalized with metal ions to develop an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-aryl pyrrole derivatives. Acid activation of raw bentonite improved its surface properties, enhancing porosity and increasing the availability of active sites for metal immobilization. The metal-stabilized bentonite catalyst exhibited excellent thermal stability and strong metal–support interactions, which contributed to enhanced catalytic performance. The optimized reaction between aniline derivatives and 2,5-hexanedione in ethanol under reflux afforded the desired N-aryl pyrroles in high yields (80–90%). The catalyst exhibited notable reusability, maintaining its activity over multiple cycles with minimal loss of performance. These results highlight the potential of activated bentonite as a low-cost, sustainable, and effective support for metal-based catalysts in organic synthesis. Overall, the study provides a practical approach for designing environmentally friendly catalytic systems with high efficiency and operational simplicity.

کلیدواژه ها

Activate Bentonite, Heterogeneous Catalysts, Metal immobilization, Organic transformation

وضعیت: پذیرفته شده