| Modified cellulose paper with calix[4]arene derivative for thin-film microextraction of pharmaceutical analytes |
| کد مقاله : 1221-ICOC |
| نویسندگان |
|
Ali Ahmadi *، Rahman Hosseinzadeh، Maryam Mohadjerani، Milad Ghani دانشگاه مازندران |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Extraction and separation methods are essential for analyzing target compounds from complex matrices, and their performance strongly depends on support material modification. Biopolymers such as cellulose or chitosan often require chemical modification to improve their extraction efficiency and selectivity. Calix[4] arenes, with tunable functional groups, have been shown to enhance the extraction properties of cellulose-based materials [1]. In this study, an acidic calix[4]arene was used to modify cellulose paper for thin-film microextraction of pharmaceutical compounds as target analytes. To prepare the modified cellulose paper in the form of a thin film, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was employed as a crosslinking agent to covalently immobilize calix[4]arene derivative onto the cellulose paper, resulting in an efficient extraction sorbent. The calix[4]arene derivativeprovide multiple interaction sites, including hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups as well as π–π interactions [2], enabling strong affinity toward target analytes and significantly enhancing thin-film microextraction performance [3]. The resulting film was comprehensively characterized using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, ¹H NMR, EDS/EDX, TGA, FE-SEM, and XRD, to confirm successful functionalization and structural integrity. Finally, the developed method was applied to the determination of selected analytes such as diclofenac in complex biological matrices, demonstrating its robustness and practical applicability in pharmaceutical analysis. Comparative evaluations showed that the chemically modified cellulose-based adsorbent exhibited significantly higher extraction efficiency than the unmodified cellulose. These results indicate that calix[4]arene-modified cellulose greatly enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of the microextraction method, making it highly effective for trace-level detection of pharmaceutical residues in biological fluids. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Keywords: Calix[4]arene, Cellulose paper, Pharmaceuticals, Thin-film microextraction |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده |