| Green Esterification under Solvent-Free Conditions Using Heterogenized Anderson-Type Polyoxometalates |
| کد مقاله : 1230-ICOC |
| نویسندگان |
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سیده صغری حسینی مطلق *، علی زرنگاریان دانشگاه یاسوج |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Abstract Esterification ranks among the most important transformations in organic chemistry, with esters occurring abundantly in both natural and man-made systems. Extensive work in catalysis, process design, and reactive distillation has sought to improve esterification conversion and rate, yet a substantial gap remains between current industrial practice and an optimal solution. Conventional esterification is constrained by poor reactant miscibility, intrinsically slow kinetics, and accumulation of the by‑product water, which drives the equilibrium backward. Common engineering remedies intense shear or mixing, elevated temperature or pressure, supercritical conditions, or ultrasonication can enhance performance but are energy‑intensive and costly. Moreover, in the absence of an effective catalyst the reaction rate is markedly reduced. Therefore, a suitable catalyst is essential: an ideal catalyst would deliver high activity and faster kinetics, be easy to handle, generate minimal waste, be readily separable from products, and be recyclable [1]. Recent progress organic–inorganic hybrid POMs has enabled the formation of stable crystalline structures by integrating POM clusters, metal ions, and organic ligands. In these materials, POMs act as anionic building blocks, metal ions provide essential coordination and acidity, and organic ligands enhance structural extension, porosity, and tunable polarity. Owing to their uniform molecular dispersion, strong anchoring, and structural robustness, hybrid POMs show significant promise as heterogeneous catalysts, offering high activity, recyclability, and notable regio- and enantioselectivity [2]. The catalytic performance of Cu Mo6O18(OH)3was evaluated in the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols using no solvent. Under optimized reaction conditions, the catalyst achieved a high esterification yield of up to 98%. Notably, the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused multiple times without significant loss of activity or structural stability, demonstrating its potential for practical applications in biodiesel production (Scheme 1 (. Scheme 1: Esterification reaction in the presence of the [Cu Mo6O18(OH)3]. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Green, Heterogeneous, Esterification, Polyoxometalate |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده |