| Comparative study of cerium-manganese ratios in the design of Ce-Mn-binuclear LDH-based Cu complex: a potent nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of spiro[acridine-9,3’-indole]triones. |
| کد مقاله : 1334-ICOC |
| نویسندگان |
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سمیرا جوادی *1، داوود حبیبی2 1دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان 2دانشگاه بوعلی سینا |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Double-layered hydroxides (LDHs) are layered solids with semi-hydrophilic structures composed of divalent and trivalent cations, interlayer anions, and water molecules. Their high stability, biocompatibility, low cost, and low toxicity make them attractive for catalytic applications [1,2]. The presence of bimetallic active sites enhances electron transfer and radical generation, positioning LDHs as promising green catalysts [3,4]. This study investigates different cerium-to-manganese ratios in the design of Ce-Mn binuclear LDH-based Cu complexes and evaluates their catalytic performance in the green synthesis of spiro[acridine-9,3’-indole]triones [5,6]. Experimental Section Ce-Mn LDHs were synthesized at four molar ratios of Ce to Mn (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4), modified with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and N-amino-phthalimide (NAP), and complexed with Cu(II). Characterization was performed using FT-IR, ICP, XPS, XRD, BET, UV/Vis, SEM, SEM-mapping, and TEM. Results Analyses revealed that the 1:4 Ce/Mn ratio exhibited the most favorable surface area and porosity, forming a stable complex. This composite was applied as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of spiro[acridine-indole]triones via a three-component condensation of isatin, aniline, and 1,3-diketones under mild conditions. The method avoided harmful solvents, enabled easy catalyst recovery, and achieved excellent yields in short reaction times. The catalyst also demonstrated good recyclability. Conclusion The Ce-Mn-LDH composite with a 1:4 Ce/Mn ratio proved to be an efficient, recyclable, and sustainable nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of spiroacridinetriones. Future work is recommended to explore other metal ratios, surface modifications with different ligands, and applications of this nanocatalyst in broader organic reactions. References 1. Guo, Y., Leroux, F., Tian, W., Li, D., Tang, P., and Feng, Y. (2021). Layered double hydroxides as thermal stabilizers for Poly (vinyl chloride): A review. Appl. Clay Sci. 211, 106198. 2. Taviot‐Guého, C., Prévot, V., Forano, C., Renaudin, G., Mousty, C., and Leroux, F. (2018). Tailoring hybrid layered double hydroxides for the development of innovative applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1703868. 3. Yan, Q., Hou, X., Liu, G., Li, Y., Zhu, T., Xin, Y., and Wang, Q. (2020). Recent advances in layered double hydroxides (LDHs) derived catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. J. Hazard. Mater. 400, 123260. 4. Tang, S., Yao, Y., Chen, T., Kong, D., Shen, W., and Lee, H. K. (2020). Recent advances in the application of layered double hydroxides in analytical chemistry: A review. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1103, 32-48. 5. Wu, L., Hong, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, B. Y., Wang, J., and Dong, Z. (2020). Deciphering highly resistant characteristics to different pHs of oxygen vacancy-rich Fe2Co1-LDH/PS system for bisphenol A degradation. Chem. Eng. J.385, 123620. 6. Lu, X., Wang, K., Wu, D., and Xiao, P. (2023). Rapid degradation and detoxification of metronidazole using calcium sulfite activated by CoCu two-dimensional layered bimetallic hydroxides: Performance, mechanism, and degradation pathway. Chemosphere, 341, 1401. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Double-layered hydroxides (LDHs); Ce-Mn binuclear LDH; Cu complex; green synthesis; spiroacridinetriones; heterogeneous nanocatalyst. |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده |